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Spain’s leader mulls granting amnesty to thousands of Catalan separatists_我的网站

A |     BARCELONA, Spain -- Barcelona accountant Oriol Calvo ran afoul of the law when he was arrested in 2019 during a mass protest by supporters of Catalonia's independence from Spain that turned violent. A court found him guilty of public disorder and of aggressive behavior toward a police officer — offenses he denies. The 25-year-old is among several thousand ordinary citizens who faced legal trouble for their often tiny part in Catalonia’s illegal secession bid that brought Spain to the brink of rupture six years ago.Now Calvo hopes his conviction and those of many others will be wiped clean if Spain’s acting prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, follows through and issues a sweeping amnesty for the separatists in exchange for their movement's political parties helping him form a new government in Madrid.Calvo's sentence of 18 months was suspended since it was his first offense, but it is still a stain on his record and has affected his willingness to participate in politics. He has stopped going to rallies for independence for fears that it could complicate his legal situation. He also felt betrayed.“I became very bitter,” Calvo said. “I felt betrayed by the justice system, but also I thought about all the efforts that the movement had made in the fight to achieve independence that had gotten us nowhere.”Sánchez, who has granted pardons to several leaders of the movement in the past, says that the amnesty will be positive for Spain because it will further reduce tensions inside Catalonia. Yet no one doubts that he is doing it only out of political necessity given how divisive the Catalan independence movement is both inside Catalonia and the rest of Spain.A national election in July left no party close to an absolute majority and with Sánchez in need of the support of several smaller parties to stay in power. Those include two pro-secession Catalan parties who led the unsuccessful 2017 breakaway attempt and who now find themselves holding the key votes in Parliament that Sánchez requires. Given the chance to play kingmaker, the two separatist parties are using their leverage. They have made an amnesty law as a prerequisite for supporting Sánchez.The clock is already ticking. Sánchez has until Nov. 27 to form a government, otherwise new elections will be triggered for January.Sánchez and his center-left Socialist party have tried to keep as quiet as possible on the amnesty question, but the leader has acknowledged that talks are on-going with the Catalan parties, including one led by the fugitive former regional leader of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, who fled Spain for Belgium after his dream to carve out a new state in northeast Spain collapsed.Spain’s courts are still trying to have Puigdemont extradited. Given that Puigdemont is considered an enemy of the state for many Spaniards, any deal that could benefit him is politically toxic.Tens of thousands of people rallied in downtown Barcelona on Oct. 8 against a possible amnesty in a sign of the danger that Sánchez runs.An amnesty "would be shameful because Spain can’t be governed by people who want to split from the country,” said 23-year-old Pablo Seco, an aeronautical engineer who attended the rally.For Montserrat Nebrera, professor of constitutional law at the International University of Catalonia, the negotiations between Sánchez and the separatist leaders are a “hall of mirrors” wherein both sides try to appear that they have the upper hand, when in reality they need one another.“Pedro Sánchez needs the amnesty law to pass so he can get the four votes he is lacking,” Nebrera told the AP. “The secessionists, however, also need to show their people that they are not only interested in saving the necks of their leaders ... but also of the people who disobeyed authorities or damaged public property and whose punishments, while not huge, have greatly complicated their lives.”Spain’s conservative party, which lost a bid to form a government last month, is already bashing Sánchez for what it describes as selling Spain out to stay in power. Former Socialist prime minister Felipe González has also said that the amnesty is not merited.Spain granted a sweeping amnesty during its transition back to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. But legal experts are divided over the constitutionality of an amnesty for the Catalan separatists.The pro-independence Catalan organization Omnium Cultural says that an amnesty should benefit some 4,400 more people, mostly minor officials and ordinary citizens who either helped to organize an illegal 2017 referendum or participated, like Calvo, in protests that turned ugly.But Omnium and the two Catalan separatist parties say they want much more than just a clean slate for people in trouble with the law: they want the terms of the amnesty to establish a legal pretext for Catalonia eventually holding a binding, authorized referendum on independence.“For us, the amnesty is not the solution to the conflict, it is the starting point from which the conflict can begin to be resolved,” said Xavier Antich, president of Omnium Cultural.That going-for-broke position, however, may run the risk of wrecking the whole operation, as well as leaving people like Calvo in the lurch.“They have already tried to have a referendum authorized and it has not worked,” Calvo said. “So I believe that trying to force something that we know isn’t going to happen is useless and could derail the amnesty talks.”___Videojournalist Hernán Muñoz contributed to this report.。    登录新浪财经APP 搜索【信披】查看更多考评等级　　财联社8月26日讯（编辑 杨斌）　　监管对银行业合规的惩戒力度持续加码。　　财联社梳理今年银行罚单数据发现，银行罚单整体数量有所下降，但大额罚没案件明显增多，2026年以来500万元以上大额罚单已达21张，千万级罚单已出现多起，罚没总规模逼近 13 亿元。罚单整体呈现“数量下降、金额上升”的特征，且“双罚”常态化。　　业内分析指出，监管的处罚愈加精准，要求银行穿透式治理合规方面的深层次缺陷。　　渤海银行领5015万罚单，事涉贷款、票据、理财业务　　国家金融监管总局近日公示一批行政处罚信息：渤海银行因“相关贷款、票据、理财业务不审慎等”被罚款5015万元，三名责任人被警告并罚款共计22万元。全资理财子公司渤银理财因“投资运作不规范、信息披露不准确等”被罚1230万元，两名责任人被警告并罚款共计11万元。母子公司合计罚没6245万元，处罚落实“双罚制”，机构与个人双重追责。　　业内分析指出，贷款、票据、理财是商业银行最核心、体量最大、风险最高的三大板块，三项业务同时出现合规问题说明该行风控体系、制度执行、内部监督亟待加强。　　渤海银行及其分支机构今年已多次收到监管处罚。2月，武汉分行因流动资金贷款贷前调查和贷后管理不尽职、融资租赁保理业务不审慎被罚175万元；4月，深圳前海分行因贷款“三查”不尽职、并购贷款审查不到位、集团授信管理不到位、资产分类不真实等被罚290万元；5月，郑州分行因发放无实际用途存单质押贷款虚增业务规模、贷款“三查”不到位、滚动开票虚增业务规模等多项违规行为被罚350万元。　　渤海银行尚未发布2026年半年报，从年报数据看，渤海银行2025年实现营收259.70亿元，同比增长1.92%；实现净利润54.98亿元，同比增长4.61%。2025年末，渤海银行不良贷款率1.66%，环比下降0.1个百分点，但在股份制银行中处于较高水平。

B | 　　今年银行大额罚单已超20张，监管处罚愈发精准　　截至8月26日，金融监管总局本次对渤海银行开出的罚单，为今年银行机构被罚金额最大的一单。财联社据企业预警通数据统计，2026年至今，央行、金融监管总局及其派出机构、外汇局对银行机构开出的单笔罚没金额超500万元的大额罚单共21张，涉及19家银行总行，罚没合计约2.70亿元。　　图：2026年至今银行收到的500万元以上罚单　　进一步来看，年内单笔超千万元的罚单共6张。除渤海银行外，还涉及建设银行、浦发银行、农业银行、中信银行及杭州联合农商银行。　　同样是在8月，农业银行上海分行因贷款违反审慎经营规则、票据业务管理不到位等事由，收到金融监管总局上海监管局1210万元的罚单。

C | 　　2月12日，央行对建设银行、浦发银行开出超4000万元罚单，事由均涉及客户尽职调查、可疑交易监测等反洗钱环节，并叠加征信、支付结算、账户管理等违规，单日合计罚没超8600万元，成为上半年最具标志性的银行处罚案件。反洗钱合规——尤其是客户身份识别、可疑交易报告、客户资料保存等环节，成为监管执法的“重中之重”。　　另外，中信银行和杭州联合农商银行分别因为信用卡业务违规和数据报表报送不规范的原因，收到千万以上的罚单。

D | 　　按银行类型看，股份制银行收到的大额罚单（下专指500万元以上的罚单）最重——5张罚单合计约1.17亿元。国有银行6张、罚没约8393万元；城商行6张、罚没约4090万元；农商行3张、罚没2260万元。　　从违规领域看，信贷业务仍是罚单高发区，多数大额罚单涉及贷款“三查”、票据融资、信贷资产质量等环节违规。农业银行年内已收到两张大额罚单，均与信贷相关。　　整体来看，2026年银行监管处罚延续高压态势。

E | 据企业预警通统计，一季度监管对银行机构及从业人员开出罚单1076张、罚没6.32亿元；二季度655张、罚没3.98亿元；7月262张、罚没1.40亿元。

F | 今年罚单合计已达2129张，罚没约12.96亿元。　　与去年同期相比，今年银行罚单呈现“张数减少、金额增加”的特点。在大额罚单上，去年同期500万元以上的罚单有17张，千万以上有6张，但最高金额不足3000万元。此外，“双罚制”常态化，即一旦发生违规，机构与相关责任人员都要承担责任。　　某金融业分析师指出，大额处罚更加集中、强调“追责到人”，均显示监管的处罚愈加精准。监管从“发现违规”，逐步导向“追溯违规产生的原因”，要求银行穿透式治理合规方面的深层次缺陷。

G | 责任编辑：曹睿潼。

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